Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps

Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps


Incumbent:
Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.
since: October 23, 2010
First Eli K. Cole
Formation April 29, 1911

The Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC) is the second highest ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps, and serves as a deputy for the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC). Before 1946, the title was known as Assistant to the Commandant.

The Assistant Commandant is appointed by the President of the United States and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In the event that the Commandant is absent or is unable to perform his duties, the Assistant Commandant assumes the duties and responsibilities of the Commandant. For this reason, the Assistant Commandant is appointed to a rank equal to the sitting Commandant; since 1971, each Assistant Commandant has been, by statute, a four-star general, making it the most common rank held among Marines serving this position. Additionally, he may perform other duties that the CMC assigns to him.[1] Historically, the Assistant Comandant has served for two to three years.

The 32nd and current Assistant Commandant is Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.,[2] who took office on 23 October, 2010, when James F. Amos vacated the office to become the sitting Commandant.[3][4][5] The first Marine to hold the billet as "Assistant to the Commandant" was Eli K. Cole (Allen H. Turnage being the last), while Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. was the first to hold it as the "Assistant Commandant".

Contents

List of previous appointees

Assistants to the Commandant of the Marine Corps

Before the official title of "Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps" was adopted in 1946, the title of the position was known as the "Assistant to the Commandant" and before 1918, known only as "Duty in the Office of the Commandant". No records exist before the outbreak of World War I about this position, possibly because the Commandant likely had only administrative staff and no deputy.[6]

The first Assistant to the Commandant was Lieutenant Colonel Eli K. Cole, who assumed the position on April 29, 1911. From April 29, 1911 to October 16, l946, 19 men were assigned to assist the commandant, including five that went on to become Commandant themselves: John A. Lejeune, Wendell C. Neville, Ben H. Fuller, John H. Russell, Jr. and Alexander A. Vandegrift.[6]

# Photo Rank Name Tenure from Tenure to Became Commandant
1 O-05Lieutenant Colonel Cole, Eli K.Eli K. Cole[7] 01911-04-29 April 29, 1911 01915-01-01 January 1, 1915 No
2 O-07Brigadier General Lejeune, John A.John A. Lejeune[8] 01915-01-01 January 1, 1915 01917-09-10 September 10, 1917 Yes
3 O-07Brigadier General Long, Charles G.Charles G. Long[9] 01917-09-11 September 11, 1917 01920-08-13 August 13, 1920 No
4 O-08Major General Neville, Wendell CushingWendell Cushing Neville[10] 01920-08-14 August 14, 1920 01923-07-11 July 11, 1923 Yes
5 O-07Brigadier General Feland, LoganLogan Feland[11] 01923-07-13 July 13, 1923 01925-07-31 July 31, 1925 No
6 O-07Brigadier General Williams, DionDion Williams[12] 01925-08-01 August 1, 1925 01928-07-01 July 1, 1928 No
7 O-07Brigadier General Fuller, Ben HebardBen Hebard Fuller[13] 01928-07-02 July 2, 1928 01930-07-08 July 8, 1930 Yes
8 O-07Brigadier General Myers, John TwiggsJohn Twiggs Myers[14] 01930-08-01 August 1, 1930 01933-02-01 February 1, 1933 No
9 O-07Brigadier General Russell, Jr., John H.John H. Russell, Jr.[15] 01933-02-01 February 1, 1933 01934-02-28 February 28, 1934 Yes
10 O-07Brigadier General McDougal, Douglas C.Douglas C. McDougal[16] 01934-04-08 April 8, 1934 01935-04-22 April 22, 1935 No
11 O-07Brigadier General Little, Louis M.Louis M. Little[17] 01935-04-22 April 22, 1935 01937-05-06 May 6, 1937 No
12 O-06Brigadier General Smith, HollandHolland Smith[18] 01939-04-01 April 1, 1939 01939-09-25 September 25, 1939 No
13 O-07Brigadier General Vandegrift, AlexanderAlexander Vandegrift[19] 01940-03-01 March 1, 1940 01941-11-18 November 18, 1941 Yes
14 O-07Brigadier General Barrett, Charles D.Charles D. Barrett[20] 01941-11-19 November 19, 1941 01942-03-12 March 12, 1942 No
15 O-07Brigadier General Keyser, Ralph S.Ralph S. Keyser[21] 01942-03-28 March 28, 1942 01942-05-24 May 24, 1942 No
16 O-O8Major General Schmidt, HarryHarry Schmidt[22] 01942-05-25 May 25, 1942 01943-08-01 August 1, 1943 No
17 O-08Major General Rockey, Keller E.Keller E. Rockey[23] 01943-08-02 August 2, 1943 01944-01-17 January 17, 1944 No
18 O-08Major General Peck, DewittDewitt Peck[24] 01944-01-20 January 20, 1944 01945-07-30 July 30, 1945 No
19 O-08Major General Turnage, Allen H.Allen H. Turnage[25] 01945-09-01 September 1, 1945 01946-10-16 October 16, 1946 No

Assistant Commandants of the Marine Corps

In 1946, Congress established the position of "Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps" and since then, 31 men have held the position. Major General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. was the first to hold the billet and went on to become Commandant, as well as five others: Randolph M. Pate, Leonard F. Chapman, Jr., Robert H. Barrow, Paul X. Kelley and James F. Amos.[6]

As with the Commandant, the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps is appointed by the President based on advice and consent of the Senate and, once appointed, will be promoted to the grade of general. The duties of the Assistant Commandant include such authority and duties as the Commandant and, with the approval of the Secretary of the Navy, may delegate to or prescribe for him. Orders issued by the Assistant Commandant in performing such duties have the same effect as those issued by the Commandant. When there is a vacancy in the office of Commandant of the Marine Corps, or during the absence or disability of the Commandant, the Assistant Commandant shall perform the duties of the Commandant until a successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases.[1]

# Photo Rank Name Tenure from Tenure to Became Commandant
1 O-08Major General Shepherd, Jr., Lemuel C.Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.[26] 01946-10-07 October 7, 1946 01948-04-14 April 14, 1948 Yes
2 O-08Major General Smith, Oliver P.Oliver P. Smith[27] 01948-04-15 April 15, 1948 01950-07-19 July 19, 1950 No
3 O-09Lieutenant General Silverthorn, Merwin H.Merwin H. Silverthorn[28] 01950-07-19 July 19, 1950 01952-02-01 February 1, 1952 No
4 O-09Lieutenant General Thomas, Gerald C.Gerald C. Thomas[29] 01952-03-08 March 8, 1952 01954-07-01 July 1, 1954 No
5 O-09Lieutenant General Pate, Randolph M.Randolph M. Pate[30] 01954-07-01 July 1, 1954 01955-12-31 December 31, 1955 Yes
6 O-09Lieutenant General Megee, Vernon E.Vernon E. Megee[31] 01956-01-01 January 1, 1956 01957-11-30 November 30, 1957 No
7 O-09Lieutenant General McCaul, Verne J.Verne J. McCaul[32] 01957-12-01 December 1, 1957 01959-12-31 December 31, 1959 No
8 O-09Lieutenant General Munn, John C.John C. Munn[33] 01960-01-01 January 1, 1960 01963-03-31 March 31, 1963 No
9 O-09Lieutenant General Hayes, Charles H.Charles H. Hayes[34] 01963-04-01 April 1, 1963 01965-06-30 June 30, 1965 No
10 O-09Lieutenant General Mangrum, Richard C.Richard C. Mangrum[35] 01965-07-01 July 1, 1965 01967-06-30 June 30, 1967 No
11 O-09Lieutenant General Chapman, Jr., Leonard F.Leonard F. Chapman, Jr.[36] 01967-07-01 July 1, 1967 01967-12-31 December 31, 1967 Yes
12 O-10General Walt, Lewis WilliamLewis William Walt[37] 01968-01-01 January 1, 1968 01971-01-29 January 29, 1971 No
13 O-10General McCutcheon, Keith B.Keith B. McCutcheon[38] 01971-01-30 January 30, 1971 01971-03-11 March 11, 1971
(never assumed post due to illness)
No
14 O-10General Davis, Raymond G.Raymond G. Davis[39] 01971-03-12 March 12, 1971 01972-03-30 March 30, 1972 No
15 O-10General Anderson, Earl E.Earl E. Anderson[40] 01972-03-31 March 31, 1972 01975-06-30 June 30, 1975 No
16 O-10General Jaskilka, SamuelSamuel Jaskilka[41] 01975-07-01 July 1, 1975 01978-06-30 June 30, 1978 No
17 O-10General Barrow, Robert H.Robert H. Barrow[42] 01978-07-01 July 1, 1978 01979-07-30 July 30, 1979 Yes
18 O-10General McLennan, KennethKenneth McLennan[43] 01979-07-01 July 1, 1979 01981-07-30 July 30, 1981 No
19 O-10General Kelley, Paul X.Paul X. Kelley[44] 01981-07-01 July 1, 1981 01983-06-30 June 30, 1983 Yes
20 O-10General Davis, John K.John K. Davis[45] 01983-07-01 July 1, 1983 01986-05-31 May 31, 1986 No
21 O-10General Morgan, Thomas R.Thomas R. Morgan[46] 01986-06-01 June 1, 1986 01988-06-30 June 30, 1988 No
22 O-10General Went, Joseph J.Joseph J. Went[47] 01988-07-01 July 1, 1988 01990-07-31 July 31, 1990 No
23 O-10General Dailey, John R.John R. Dailey[48] 01990-08-01 August 1, 1990 01992-08-31 August 31, 1992 No
24 O-10General Boomer, Walter E.Walter E. Boomer[49] 01992-09-01 September 1, 1992 01994-07-14 July 14, 1994 No
25 O-10General Hearney, Richard D.Richard D. Hearney[50] 01994-07-15 July 15, 1994 01996-09-26 September 26, 1996 No
26 O-10General Neal, Richard I.Richard I. Neal[51] 01996-09-27 September 27, 1996 01998-09-04 September 4, 1998 No
27 O-10General Dake, Terrence R.Terrence R. Dake[52] 01998-09-05 September 5, 1998 02000-09-07 September 7, 2000 No
28 O-10General Williams, Michael J.Michael J. Williams[53] 02000-09-08 September 8, 2000 02002-09-09 September 9, 2002 No
29 O-10General Nyland, William L.William L. Nyland[54] 02002-09-10 September 10, 2002 02005-09-07 September 7, 2005 No
30 O-10General Magnus, RobertRobert Magnus[55] 02005-09-08 September 8, 2005 02008-07-02 July 2, 2008 No
31 O-10General Amos, James F.James F. Amos[56] 02008-07-03 July 3, 2008 02010-10-22 October 22, 2010 Yes
32 O-10General Dunford, Jr., Joseph F.Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.[57] 02010-10-23 October 23, 2010 incumbent

Timeline


See also

References

General
Specific
  1. ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 5044 Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps.
  2. ^ ALMAR 040/10
  3. ^ Shea, Sgt Jimmy D. (22 October, 2010). "Taking the Reins: Marine Corps Welcomes New Commandant". Headquarters Marine Corps. United States Marine Corps. http://www.marines.mil/unit/barracks/Pages/TakingthereinsMarineCorpswelcomesnewcommandant.aspx. Retrieved 22 October 2010. 
  4. ^ "Gates pegs Amos to lead Marine Corps". United Press International. June 15, 2010. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2010/06/15/Gates-pegs-Amos-to-lead-Marine-Corps/UPI-70421276608371/. Retrieved 16 June 2010. 
  5. ^ Cavas, Christopher P. (June 15, 2010). "Amos expected to be named commandant". Marine Corps Times. http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/06/defense_commandant_amos_061410/. Retrieved 16 June 2010. 
  6. ^ a b c "Marine Corps Assistant Commandants". Historical Topics: Frequently Requested. Reference Branch, History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Frequently_Requested/Assistant_Commandant.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-29. 
  7. ^ "Lieutenant colonel Eli Kelley Cole, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Cole_EK.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  8. ^ "Brigadier general John Archer Lejeune, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Lejeune_JA.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  9. ^ "Brigadier general Charles Grant Long, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Long_CG.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  10. ^ "Major general Wendell Cushing Neville, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Neville_WC.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  11. ^ "Brigadier general Logan Feland, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Feland_L.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  12. ^ "Brigadier general Dion Williams, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Willams_D.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  13. ^ "Brigadier general Ben Hebard Fuller, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Fuller_BH.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  14. ^ "Brigadier general John Twiggs Myers, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Myers_JT.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  15. ^ "Brigadier general John Henry Russell, Jr., USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Russell_JH.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  16. ^ "Brigadier general Douglas C. McDougal, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/McDougal_DC.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  17. ^ "Brigadier general Louis McCarty Little, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Little%20LM.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  18. ^ "Brigadier general Holland McTyeire Smith, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Smith_HM.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  19. ^ "Brigadier general Alexander Archer Vandegrift, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Vandegrift_AA.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  20. ^ "Major general Charles Dodson Barrett, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Barrett_CD.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  21. ^ "Major general Ralph Stover Keyser, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Keyser_RS.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  22. ^ "Major general Harry Schmidt, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Schmidt_H.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  23. ^ "Major general Keller E. Rockey, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Rockey_KE.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  24. ^ "Major general DeWitt Peck, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Peck_D.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  25. ^ "Major general Allen Hal Turnage, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Turnage_AH.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  26. ^ "Major general Lemuel Cornick Shepherd, Jr., USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Shepherd_LC.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  27. ^ "Major general Oliver P. Smith, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Smith_OP.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  28. ^ "Lieutenant general Merwin Hancock Silverthorn, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Silverthorn_MH.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  29. ^ "Lieutenant general Gerald C. Thomas, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Thomas_GC.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  30. ^ "Lieutenant general Randolph McCall Pate, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Pate_RM.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  31. ^ "Lieutenant general Vernon E. Megee, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Megee_VE.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  32. ^ "Lieutenant general Verne J. McCaul, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/MacCaul_VJ.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  33. ^ "Lieutenant general John Calvin Munn, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Munn_JC.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  34. ^ "Lieutenant general Charles Harold Hayes, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Hayes_CH.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  35. ^ "Lieutenant general Richard C. Mangrum, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Mangrum_RC.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  36. ^ "Lieutenant general Leonard Fielding Chapman, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Chapman_LF.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  37. ^ "General Lewis W. Walt, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Walt_LW.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  38. ^ "General Keith B. McCutcheon, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/McCutcheon_KB.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  39. ^ "General Raymond Gilbert Davis, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Davis_RG.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  40. ^ "General Earl Edward Anderson, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Anderson_EE.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  41. ^ "General Samuel Jaskilka, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Jaskilka_S.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  42. ^ "General Robert H. Barrow, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Barrow_RH.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 
  43. ^ "General Kenneth McLennan, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/McLennan_K.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  44. ^ "General Paul X. Kelley, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Kelley_PX.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  45. ^ "General John K. Davis, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Davis_JK.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  46. ^ "General Thomas R. Morgan, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Morgan_TR.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  47. ^ "General Joseph J. Went, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Went_JJ.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  48. ^ "General John R. Dailey, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Dailey_JR.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  49. ^ "General Walter E. Boomer, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Boomer_WE.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  50. ^ "General Richard D. Hearney, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Hearney_RD.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  51. ^ "General Richard I. Neal, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Neal_RI.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  52. ^ "General Terrence R. Dake, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Dake_TR.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  53. ^ "General Michael J. Williams, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Williams_MJ.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  54. ^ "General William L. "Spider" Nyland, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Nyland_WL.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  55. ^ "General Robert Magnus, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/MAGNUS_R.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  56. ^ "General James F. Amos, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Amos_JF.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  57. ^ "General Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Dunford_JF.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-25.